The broadcast is an English term defining a data dissemination in a unit of machines connected to a network. In French one uses the diffusion term.
The protocols of communications network envisage a simple method to diffuse data with several machines at the same time. A contrario of a Point-to-point communication (Unicast), it is possible to address packages of data to a unit of machines of the same network only by specific addresses which will be intercepted by all the machines of the network or sub-network.
These packages are in general advertisements made to the prospective customers of the network by machines which can offer services.
The extent of a diffusion will be restricted by the routing of the packages and the mask of network defined by the protocol used. One can also reduce the extent of a diffusion broadcast by the TTL (Time to Live) of a package IP.
For example, in IP version 4 (IPv4), an Address IP of diffusion such as 192.168.1.255 will be intercepted by all the machines having an Address IP between 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.254, in so far as the mask of sub-network of the interface is defined like 255.255.255.0.
To schematize, the transmitter of the data will behave like a radio operator emmetor; only the customers granted on the address of diffusion (mask network) will take into account the packages forwarding on the network.
By defect, the hubs and the switchs diffuse on all their interfaces the packages broadcast. In the case of a router, it is necessary to define the rules of routing manually so that the data are diffused on the desired interfaces. The routers do not transmit by defect the packages broadcast for not innonder all the networks in an useless way.
In IP, the packages can be TCP (it is disadvised), ICMP or UDP. For example, one can make Ping in broadcast (by typing Ping - B 192.168.1.255 Linux pennies , but this one will normally not pass the next router (you can try to type Ping - B 255.255.255.255).
For a finer data dissemination on the level of the routing, one will use addresses multicast
WiMax WiMax - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access.
Technology without wire of transmission with high flow with broad range (50 kilometers)
Bandwidth The Band-width represents the quantity of data which can be transmitted in a given time.
BIND The most widespread implementation of protocol DNS on Internet.
Bluetooth Communications protocol by waves radios defined by Ericsson, IBM, INTEL, Nokia and Toshiba
BGP BGP is a protocol of routing defined by the IETF in document RFC 1771 (BGP-4).
DSLAM The DSLAM is the equipment which makes the connection between the telephone lines of the subscribers with Internet and the network of the operator to which it belongs (Free, Wanadoo, Last nine Telecom...).
DHCP Dynamic Host Protocol Configuration
Ethernet Protocol of local area network normalizes very widespread initially developed by Xerox in the years 1970.
Ftp File transfer protocol
GPRS Evolution of the mobile network of telephony GSM based on the packet switching allowing a terminal dated without wire to communicate through network GSM by using a transmission channel in mode package with a maximum capacity of 32400 b/s in reception and
GSM Total communication system for a mobile use
Header Heading
Hotspot Not or limits allowing the communication without wire.
HTTP Protocol of Hypertext transfer
IPv4 IPv4 for Internet Protocol v4 is as its name indicates it a protocol which identifies addresses known as IP on Internet. IP addresses are coded on 32 bits (4 bytes) of the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
IPv6 Version 6 of protocol Internet IPV6 is the successor of the current version (IPV4).
IP routing source The routing source consists, for the shipper of a package, to define the road taken by this package on the network.
IP spoofing Usurpation of address IP.
LDAP Access protocol to a directory, derived from X500, with the top of TCP/IP. It is an implementation reduced of the protocol ISO DAP. It became the standard of the electronic phone books.
LAN Local area network
ATM ATM is a protocol of transport containing packages which multiplexes as well data as of the voice and video.
MPLS Standardized switching technique largely used in the networks of operators; it is derived from the technique invented by Cisco the "Tag switching".
Footbridge IP Machine or equipment Router allowing to change network IP.
STALEMATE Port Adress Translation
POP Waiter of our person receiving benefits who holds our mail on standby to be raised.
Propagation of the DNS Time of taking into account of a change in the configuration of the DNS.
Protocol Specification of a dialogue between several computers which exchange data.
Protocols of routing IP In environments of dynamic routing IP, information of routing IP is transmitted using protocols of routing IP. The two protocols of routing IP the most used for the Intranets are the protocol RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and protocol OSPF (Open Sho
Proxy Computer or software which is intercalated between a private network and Internet
Router Case allowing two or several distant networks to exchange data.
SSH SSH is a protected alternative of telnet rlogin and rsh. This program is developpé by SSH Communications Security Ltd.
It is generally used to be connected to a waiter and to carry out orders via Shell UNIX
SSL Protocol ensuring a protected transmission of data on a Web site.
SIP SIP is a protocol used in voice on IP making it possible to transfer from the voice, the video or the data through a network.
Smtp Simple Mall Protocol Transport
SOAP Protocol based on XML for the exchange of information in decentralized environment.
Spoofing of DNS The therme "Spoofing" indicates in French "the usurpation". I.e., to be made pass for somebody of other. "Spoofing DNS" consists in usurping the identity of an already known waiter DNS
DNS System allowing to associate a name in current language at an Address IP
UMTS Normalizes for the systems of mobile telecommunications known as of third generation (3G).
CPL Access to the Internet high-flow via the electrical supply network.
Token Ring Network with token, out of ring, developed by IBM in the Seventies and standardized under standard IEE 802.5.
TCP/IP Together of rules which make it possible computers to communicate.
VPN - Virtual Private Network Virtual private network.
WebDAV - eb-based Distributed Authoring and Versio WebDAV means "Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning". It is an extension of protocol HTTP and allows to the users the edition and the file management on a distant waiter.
TLS- Transport To bush-hammer Security Protocol of safety usually used on Internet.
WLAN - Wireless LAN Local area network without wire.
Wifi - Wireless Fidelity "Fidelity without wire", a whole of standards standards for the networks without wire..
WiMax - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave A Technology without wire of transmission with high flow with broad range (50 kilometers)
X25 Communications protocol standardized by packet switching.
Broadcast